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Interfaces & Abstract Classes

Interfaces and abstract classes define contracts that concrete classes must implement, ensuring consistent structure across different types. Like how every electrical outlet in a country follows the same plug standard — any appliance that matches the interface will work. Abstract classes can additionally provide shared base logic, while interfaces (or protocols in Python) enforce pure structure.

Use Cases

  • •Defining a PaymentGateway interface that Stripe, PayPal, and crypto processors all implement
  • •Creating an abstract Repository class with shared caching logic and abstract query methods
  • •Enforcing that all serializers implement serialize() and deserialize() methods
  • •Building plugin systems where third-party code must conform to a defined contract

Implementation

Output

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